Shipping and the Great Barrier Reef Essay -- Trade Nature Conservation

Shipping and the gravid Barrier Reef Australias Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an unpar eithereled marine ecosystem that holds rank as one of the worlds most valuable natural wonders. The abundance of sea sprightliness offers both intrinsic and physical benefits, but unfortunately this extraordinary habitat is now threatened from s everal different angles. One of the greatest threats to the GBR is the presence of prevalent shipping routes which surround and penetrate the reef. These ships naturally pollute the GBR, but the severest danger lies in the possibility of wrecks spilling oil or other hazardous cargos. History offers some examples of shipwrecks with outcomes that could have been devastating although in that location has not yet been a major disaster. These events have helped to inspire various regulations aiming to curb the risk of any major incident. Nevertheless, there still remains more room for protective measures in order to insure the safety of such an irreplace able treasure.The Great Barrier Reef The GBR organize about 9,000 years ago during the last interglacial period. As with other coral reefs, it is based upon the structure of billions of coral polyps, and the GBR is the longest coral reef system ever to exist. It is consequently the largest structure created by living creatures and so massive that it can be viewed from outer space (Guynup p.22). The GBR includes 2,900 separate reefs and hundreds various islands and cays. The GBR stretches over 2,000 kilometers up the gliding of Queensland. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP), established in 1975, includes nearly 350,000 square kilometers, which is over half the area covered by all of the protected areas in mainland Australia (Chadwick and Storrie p.1, CRC p.1).... ...w.gbrmpa.gov.au/Guynup, Sharon. 2000. Australias Great Barrier Reef. Science World, 57(1) 22-23.Johns, Gary. 2002. The Four Corners of the Reef Investigative Journalism or Environmental Activism. Ins titute of Public Affairs, 54(2) 10-11. fan tan of the Commonwealth of Australia, Protection of the Great Barrier Reef Report of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Environment and Conservation, November 1985. Australian Government Publishing Service, capital of Australia 1985.Queensland Transport News Maritime Safety Legislation Passed by Parliament, 31 July 2002.Queensland Transport & the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Oil run off Risk Assessment for the Coastal Waters of Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park August 2000.Wright, Judith, The Coral Battleground. Thomas Nelson, Melbourne 1977.

Female Ideals and Their Roles in Icelandic Society Essay -- Iceland Wo

Female Ideals and Their Roles in Icelandic SocietyFemale precedents in medieval Icelandic society revolved around a womans lookand actions in her marriage, work, and family domains. The historical background ofIcelandic women, womens general function in society, and the roles of female charactersin the Icelandic sagas provide hints towards the common attitude towards women of thetime, that is, how women were pass judgment to act, what they were expected to do, andessentially, what the ideal woman was.To examine what an ideal Icelandic woman would have been like, it is firstnecessary to look at some background entropy on the life of women in the period.While women were nowhere near the status of men in terms of the amount of power theyhad, they did enjoy a mint more rights than other women in medieval Europe (Simpson129). A woman could own her own holding (Simpson 128). Being able to manage herown property and refuse a second marriage, widows enjoyed the most independence(Simpso n 129). At the same time, there were legion(predicate) things a woman could not do. Forexample, a woman could not vote at the Thing, be a judge, or conduct her own lawsuit.The approval of a father, husband, or other male guardian was needed for a woman tobuy or sell anything above a low value (Simpson 128). While a woman did not havepower everyplace other people, especially men, she did have power in her own domestic sphereto make decisions in the household (Dommasnes 71). In her essay Women, Kinship,and the Basis of world power Liv Helga Dommasnes states, As managers of all kinds of farmproducts, such as food, textiles, and hides, it was in the hands of the wife to see to it thatthe often quite big household of many generations, serva... ...sible to get avery clear picture of women in Icelandic society through the sagas alone, the coupling ofhistoric background with the sagas provides a clearer image of the ideal woman - strong,confident, married or widowed, loyal to her family, concerned with her familys honor,and an extremely hard worker.12Works CitedDammasnes, Liv Helga. Women, Kinship, and the Basis of Power. Social Approachesto Viking Studies. Ed. Ross Samson. Glasgow Cruithne Press, 1991.Jochens, Jenny. Women in Old Scandinavian Society. Ithaca Cornell University Press, 1995.Simpson, Jacqueline. The Viking World. New York St. Martins Press. 1980.The Sagas of Icelanders. Ed. Thorsson, Ornolfur. New York Penguin Group, 2000.Sawyer, Birgit and Peter. Medieval Scandinavia From Conversion to Reformation, circa800-1500. Minneapolis University of Minnesota Press, 1993.

Comparing Religious Archetypes in Moby Dick, Billy Budd, and Bartleby t

Religious Archetypes in Moby Dick, Billy Budd, and Bartleby the Scrivener Herman Melvilles use of Biblical overtones gives extra dimensions to his works. Themes in his stories parallel those in the book of account to teach about good and evil. Melville emphasizes his characters qualities by drawing allusions, and in doing so makes them appear larger than life. In the same way that the Bible teaches lessons about life, Herman Melvilles stories teach lessons about the light and dark sides of military personnel nature. He places his readers in situations that force them to identify with right or wrong choices. In Moby Dick, Billy Budd, and Bartleby the Scrivener, Melville encourages his readers to learn from his explanations of human nature and strive for a better society. Melvilles Moby Dick is the saga of a whaling voyage gone awry when the Pequods Captain Ahab leads his crew, not to hunt for profit, but to hunt the snowy Whale who took one of his legs. Captain Ahabs idolatro us relationship with the White Whale, Moby Dick, parallels King Ahabs idol worship. Captain Ahab represents all idolaters. His obsession approaches Biblical proportions. In First Kings in the Old Testament, King Ahab, who is weak-willed (Hertz 699), is controlled and influenced by his wife Jezebel. He neglects his responsibility as King of the Israelites, and leads his people astray to the worship of Baal. In doing so, he breaks the Second regulation thou shalt have no other gods (Hertz 295). Similarly, Captain Ahab leads his crew away from their job as whalers. As Mr. Starbuck says, I came here to hunt whales, not my commanders vengeance(Moby 162). Led by feelings of revenge and anger, Ahab uses the crew to search for his G... ... 152. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 17. Detroit, 153. Michigan. Gale Research Company, 1985. Gardner, John. Bartleby Art and Social Commitment, in Philological Quarterly, Vol. XLIII, No. 1, January 1964, pp. 87-88. Rpt. in Contempora ry Literary Criticism, Vol. 17. Detroit, Michigan. Gale Research Company, 1985. Hertz, J.H., ed. Pentateuch and Haftorahs. London The Soncino Press, 1960. Melville, Herman. Bartleby the Scrivener. Rpt. in Billy Budd and Other Tales. new-sprung(prenominal) York The New American Library, 1961. _____. Billy Budd. Rpt. in Billy Budd and Other Tales. New York The New American Library, 1961. _____. Moby Dick. New York Random House, Inc., 1950. The New English Bible. Matthew 25 40-41. Oxford Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Computers In Education :: essays research papers

computing devices in EducationThe typical school has 1 information processing system per 20 students, a ratio that data processoreducators feel is still not high enough to affect classroom learning as much asbooks and classroom conversation.Some critics see computer education as merely the latest in a series ofunsuccessful attempts to revolutionise education through the example of audio- andvisually-oriented non print media. For example, motion pictures, broadcasttelevision, filmstrips, audio recorders, and videotapes were all initiallyheralded for their instructional potential, but each of these ultimately becameminor classroom tools alongside schematic methods.Communications SatelliteA communications satellite is an artificial SATELLITE placed into orbit aroundthe Earth to facilitate communications on Earth. intimately long-distance radiocommunication across land is sent via MICROWAVE relay towers. In effect, asatellite serves as a tall zap tower to permit direct transmissi on betweenstations, but it can interconnect any number of stations that are includedwithin the forward pass beams of the satellite rather than simply the two ends of themicrowave link.Computer CrimeComputer crime is defined as any crime involving a computer accomplished throughthe use or knowledge of computer technology. Computers are objects of crime whenthey or their contents are damaged, as when terrorists attack computer centreswith explosives or gasoline, or when a "computer virus" a program capable ofaltering or erasing computer memory is introduced into a computer system. ain ComputerA personal computer is a computer that is based on a microprocessor, a smallsemiconductor chip that performs the operations of a c.p.u.Personal computers are single-user machines, whereas larger computers generallyhave multiple users. Personal computers have many uses such as Word processing,communicating to other computers over a phone line using amodem,databases,leisure games are just some of the uses of a Personal Computer.Computers for Leisure GamesAs they proliferated, video games gained colour and complexity and adopted thebasic theme that most of them still exhibit the violent annihilation of anenemy by means of ones skill at moving a prize or pushing a button.Many of the games played on home computers are more or less identical with thosein video arcades. Increasingly, however, computer games are becoming moresophisticated, more difficult, and no longer dependent on elapsed time a fewcomputer games go on for many hours.

The Innocence of Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry James, Daisy Miller

In 1878, Henry James wrote, Daisy Miller, a novella about a young American girl and her travels in Europe. Daisy Miller is a mazy short story with many underlying themes such as appearance versus reality, knowledge versus innocence, outward action versus inward meditation, and Nature versus urbanity. In this short story, iodin is left to judge whether Daisy Miller, the main character of the story, is a pretty American flirt or a misunderstood, modern young woman. By probing into the complexities and contradictions of Daisys character, it is obvious that Ms. Miller is merely a misunderstood young woman.Through his novel, Henry James shows his readers that the gap among what people believe to be trustworthy and the actual truth can be large, hence the theme of appearance versus reality. To the Europeanized Americans in the novella, Daisys independence causes her to appear immoral. She is innocent and uncultured and incautious further the circle chinks only the surface of her cha racter and the actions that character takes. She rebels non by having a great knowledge of the rules which bind the society and consciously deciding to cut down them out the window, but by being limited in her scope of experience and by refusing to change her natural ways in order to satisfy a culture to which she does not belong. The great theme of the disparity between reality and appearance is at its greatest strength in the relationship between Winterbourne and Daisy because of the conflict which roars in situation of Winterbourne regarding the appearance he cannot overcome and the reality he cannot accept. Daisys lack of knowledge and experience deceives Winterbourne who is incapable of seeing life through the electron lens of inexperience after leaving America. He thus fails to understand her inexperience as innocence. Winterbourne attempts to apply the conventional rules he has accepted since leaving America to Daisy without realizing that she is not dissecting the world with the same meditating process that he undertakes. In Europe, Daisy behaves just as she had back in America. She even goes as far as to say Im a fearful, frightful flirt Did you ever hear of a nice girl that was not? (44). It is through this quote that one can see that Daisy does not realize in Europe, nice girls are roughly definitely not flirts. It is such behavior that scandalized the conservative Americans that she... ...y. At one point, Winterbourne tells Daisy that it did not reckon whether he thought she was engaged or not. This so upsets Daisy that she cries, I dont care...whether I have Roman fever or not (56). Winterbournes ultimate rejection of Daisy, his decision to side with the American circle in Daisys condemnation, hits Daisy so cruelly that she no longer cares to live. He refuses to believe in Daisys innocence and she quickly fades away. Her resiliency and natural spontaneousness have died. Winterbourne does not realize his mistake until Mrs. Miller relays Dais ys message to him and Giovanelli speaks to him at the funeral. Giovanelli looks to Winterbourne and states, She was the most beautiful young lady I ever saw, and the most amiable...and she was the most innocent (58). It was through this conversation that Daisys innocence triumphs. The lasting message of this novella is Daisys innocence and the cruelty of the society, which condemned her to death. Works Cited James, Henry. Daisy Miller A Study. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. third ed. Vol. 2 Eds. Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 452-92. 2 vols.

The Innocence of Daisy Miller Essay -- Henry James, Daisy Miller

In 1878, Henry James wrote, Daisy Miller, a novella about a boyish American girl and her travels in Europe. Daisy Miller is a complex short story with many underlying themes such as appearance versus reality, friendship versus innocence, outward perform versus inward meditation, and Nature versus urbanity. In this short story, one is left to judge whether Daisy Miller, the main character of the story, is a pretty American flirt or a misunderstood, modern young woman. By probing into the complexities and contradictions of Daisys character, it is obvious that Ms. Miller is merely a misunderstood young woman.Through his novel, Henry James shows his readers that the spread between what people believe to be true and the actual truth can be large, hence the theme of appearance versus reality. To the Europeanized Americans in the novella, Daisys liberty causes her to appear immoral. She is innocent and uncultured and incautious but the circle sees only the surface of her character and the actions that character takes. She rebels not by having a great knowledge of the rules which bind the society and consciously deciding to throw them out the window, but by being limited in her scope of sustain and by refusing to smorgasbord her natural ways in order to please a culture to which she does not belong. The great theme of the disparity between reality and appearance is at its greatest strength in the relationship between Winterbourne and Daisy because of the conflict which roars inside of Winterbourne regarding the appearance he cannot overcome and the reality he cannot accept. Daisys lack of knowledge and experience deceives Winterbourne who is incapable of seeing life through the lens of inexperience after leaving America. He thus fails to understand her inexperience as innocence. Winterbourne attempts to apply the stuffy rules he has accepted since leaving America to Daisy without realizing that she is not dissecting the world with the same meditating process t hat he undertakes. In Europe, Daisy behaves just as she had back in America. She level off goes as far as to say Im a fearful, frightful flirt Did you ever hear of a nice girl that was not? (44). It is through this quote that one can see that Daisy does not realize in Europe, nice girls are most definitely not flirts. It is such mien that scandalized the conservative Americans that she... ...y. At one point, Winterbourne tells Daisy that it did not matter whether he thought she was engaged or not. This so upsets Daisy that she cries, I dont care...whether I have Roman feverishness or not (56). Winterbournes ultimate rejection of Daisy, his decision to side with the American circle in Daisys condemnation, hits Daisy so cruelly that she no longer cares to live. He refuses to believe in Daisys innocence and she quickly fades away. Her resiliency and natural spontaneity have died. Winterbourne does not realize his mistake until Mrs. Miller relays Daisys message to him and Giovanelli speaks to him at the funeral. Giovanelli looks to Winterbourne and states, She was the most beautiful young lady I ever saw, and the most amiable...and she was the most innocent (58). It was through this conversation that Daisys innocence triumphs. The lasting message of this novella is Daisys innocence and the cruelty of the society, which condemned her to death. plant Cited James, Henry. Daisy Miller A Study. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Vol. 2 Eds. Paul Lauter and Richard Yarborough. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1998. 452-92. 2 vols.

Introduction to Cooking Essay

Carbohydrates Starches and sugars are present in foods in many forms 2 Most Important Changes in Carbohydrates Caused by Heat are 1. Caramelization browning of sugars browning of sauteed veggies and golden colour of breads are sample of Caramelization 2. Gelatinization when starches absorb water and swell a major principle in the thickening of sauces and in the production of breads and pastries *ACIDS inhibit gelatinization. A sauce thickened with flour or starch will be thinner if it contains acid. FRUIT & VEGETABLE graphic symbol FIBER group of complex substances that give structure and firmness to plants. Fiber cant be digested.See more how to write an introduction The softening of fruits vegetables in cooking is part of the breaking down of fiber. Sugar makes fiber firmer Baking soda makes fiber softer. Vegetables become mushy and lose vitamins PROTEINS a major factor of meats, poultry, fish, eggs & milk products consist a long chain of components called amino acids CO AGULATION when the proteins unwind, they become attracted to each other and form bonds the coagulated proteins form a solid network of bonds and become firm most proteins complete coagulation are cooked at 160-186F MAILLARD REACTION is what happens when meat browns happens only on the change surface of food.CONNECTIVE TISSUES special proteins present in meat (separates the meat from the bone) FATS are present in meat, fish, poultry, egg, milk products. Important medium for frying liquidness fats are called OIL When heated, they begin to breakdown When hit enough, they begin to smoke and deteriorate rapidly.

Programming – Example of a Selection Structure

IntroductionThe purpose of this paper is to provide a simple example of a selection organize that is contained as part of the Programming Solution Proposal I am developing throughout the course of this programming class. The selection structure I chose to find an example of isnt really inclusive as part of my original programming proposal due in week 5, however, I devised a very simple If-Then-Else structure that uses somewhat of the same information and calculation as what I may use in my closing proposal. Ive written the pseudocode for a section that at this time appears to make sense to use, given the selection structure I chose, and I also paralleled that with a Visual Logic com/ card/flowchart. The visual logic flowchart was executed correctly with specific set that are to be used in order for others to properly foot race it. These values will change as the program gets fine-tuned, however, for now there are specific values that must be used to obtain the correct percentag es. pattern of the structureThe reason I chose the If-Then-Else structure is because it seemed to make the most sense for my program and it didnt appear to be too complicated a structure to master. make up though this structure may not be included as part of my final proposal paper, I thought it would be good to snuff it with and verify if I could somehow make it work. The program Ill ultimately be creating is one where seasonal stats will be entered in by an participator coach, for athletes on any given basketball team.Through this they will be able to determine a players overall survey goal average, free throw percentage, jounce average, etc. However, for now, Ive decided to simply use an If-Then-Else structure that displays a friendly output message of what the user might see if he/she entered their field goals attemptedvalue and field goals made value. The pseudocode for the If-Then-Else structureAgain, I must reiterate, that the selection structure I chose to use may not be part of my final proposal paper, however, the pseudocode that is displayed below is a simple and short example of how I used the information for my original proposal, using the If-Then-Else structure Write Enter gist of field goals attempted Input FGA Write Enter amount of field goals made Input FGM fix Average = FGM / FGA If Average => 50 Then Set FieldGoalAverage = Average Write Your field goal average is + FieldGoalAverage + % Else Write Your field goal average is + FieldGoalAverage + % Write You need to work on your shooting plunk for End IfVisual Logic flowchart The Visual Logic flowchart I put together, which parallels the pseudocode above, has been executed successfully. The field goal average in this VL example is cipher using the following values FieldGoalAttempts (FGsAttempted) 5000FieldGoalsMade (FGsMade) 50 The values for the variables above test the True decision statement. Entering the following values below execute and test the False decision statement Fie ldGoalAttempts (FGsAttempted) 2000FieldGoalsMade (FGsMade) 50 The .vls file has been uploaded as a separate attachment in the Assignments tab of the UoP Student website.

Domestication of maize in mesoamerica

Corn The Domestication of Maize in MesoamericaOne of the most basic demands of a gay being is that of wholesome. We most eat and imbibe to last. Subsistence is a raw(a) idea which con pluses either advanced worlds twenty-four hours. What leave al integrity I eat for breakfast? What will I take for tiffin or will I eat out? Should I take something out for dinner or choice something up on the manner place? All of these inquiries seem at times rather complicated, nevertheless are without a uncertainty, much simpler than what may h nonagenarian cross the heads of prehistoric worlds. Merely as it is today subsistence was the centre of each civilizations universe. Whether you were mobile or sedentary each group of hunter-gatherers had to eat. It is the endurance of these societies which allows us as archeologists a extremum into the yesteryear. The procedure of garnering adequate nutrient in which to obtain a sufficient sum of Calories was foremost and first in mundane life. The pro cedure of jejuneness of certain workss finally led to more nucleated colonies. Let us maintain in head Morgan s theory of civilization, if this is right, that cultural patterned occur is lineal than it is safe to presume that the lone natural patterned advance for prehistoric worlds was to passage from the huntsman gather phase of obtaining subsistence to a more agrarian life manner. One cultigen in specific was clavus , now referred to as lemon yellow . In this musical theme an effort will do to decently inform what edible corn is, how maize became a major basic in prehistoric people s nutrition, and in conclusion how has maize been detected in Mesoamerica by grounds in the archeological record.What is maize? It is a big species of American grass of the genus Zea ( Z. Mays ) widely urbane as a eatage and nutrient works known as Indian maize ( hypertext transfer protocol //archaeology.about.com ) . Maize is a cultigen this is a ingathering that can non propagate i n the natural state without gentlemans gentleman intercession. Plant domestication can be defined as the human creative natural action of a new signifier of works, subject on human intercession, reaping and seting for endurance. Maize has a distinguishable planting season, turning season, and reaping season.There is a world-wide importance placed on maize . In the westbound Hemisphere it is by far the most of import human nutrient harvest ( Beadle, 615 ) . It is still the most of import harvest in all of Latin America. On a world-wide footing it is the 3rd most of import human nutrient harvest, with an one-year production of some two hundred metric dozenss ( Beadle, 615 ) .When capital of Ohio arrived from the Old World and stumbled upon this unusual harvest on the island of Cuba, basically all major races of maize-some two to three hundred- were already in cultivation and had been disseminated from its topographic destine of beginning, wishly southern Mexico ( which will be explained further in the paper ) , to mid-Chile in the South and to the oral cavity of the St. Lawrence River in the North. The transition below from a scientific discipline magazine will foster aid explicate the definition of corn.Corn, besides known as corn ( from the Spanish maiz ) was foremost domesticated about 10,000 old ages ago from teosinte, a wild grass that looked rather different from our modern harvest. Teosinte grew in Mexico and Central America as a ungroomed works with m any(prenominal) spikes, the precursor to our familiar ear of maize. The little teosinte spikes had merely two rows of about uneatable meats, or seeds, each enclosed by a difficult covering. These seeds separated separately at adulthood and were dispersed widely. In likely less than a thousand old ages, the bantam spikes of hereditary teosinte change into larger ears with comestible meats that remained on the black-backed gull for easy crop. How these dramatic alterations occurred has been a mysti fier for over a century. Geneticists are now positive that worlds populating in the Balsas River crack of Mexico were scrounging teosinte seeds when they noticed rare aberrations-likely caused by random mutations-that increased spike size dramatically. Seeds were propagated from these bigger spikes, and therefore the singular events of domestication began. By analyzing the corn genome, query workers gather in now confirmed that mutants in individual cistrons, such as Teosinte glume architectural ( Tgal ) . Alter meat and works construction and that alterations in many cistrons influence colonial developmental traits, such as the clip to blooming. As human populations migrated throughout the Americas, new assortments of corn were selected to turn in local environments. Some assortments were maintained as alleged landraces, each turning in ecological niches in Mexico and South America. Now, these assortments and landraces hold a wealth of familial diverseness, which is being tappe d for both basic research and as traits for harvest genteelness ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.sciencemag.org/products/posters/maize_poster )How did maize go a major basic in prehistoric people s diet? Where there former(a) utilizations or maize other than subsistence? New research shows that there is unambiguously four major independent centres of works domestication the more or less East, China, Eastern North America and Mesoamerica. ( Smith 1989 1566 ) The America s is believed to supply the clearest record there is of agriculture beginnings anyplace in the universe, supplying new dog collar of the procedure involved in this cardinal transmutation in human history. However, the procedure is believed to hold started in Mesoamerica.Maize has many utilizations nutrient, viands for unrecorded melody and energy for industries. As a nutrient, the whole grain, either mature or immature, may be used or the corn may be processed by dry milling techniques to give a comparativ ely big figure of intermediary merchandises, such as maize grits of different segment size, maize repast, maize flour and flaking grits. ( hypertext transfer protocol //fao.org ) These stuffs have a important figure of applications in a big assortment of nutrients. Maize boastful in subsistence agribusiness continues to be used as a basic nutrient harvest. In developed states more than 60 per centum of the production is used in compounded provenders for domestic fowl, hogs and ruminant animate beings. In recent old ages, even in developing states in which corn is a staple nutrient, more of it has been used as an carnal provender ingredient. High peeved corn has been paid much attending late as an animate being provender because of its lower cost and its capacity to better efficiency in provender transition. The byproducts of dry milling include the source and the seed-coat. The former is used as a beginning of comestible oil of high quality. The seed-coat or seed vessel is used chiefly as a provender, although in recent old ages troth has developed in it as a beginning of dietetic fibre ( Earl et al. , 1988 Burge and Duensing, 1989 ) . Wet milling is a procedure applicable chiefly in the industrial usage of corn, although the alkalic cookery procedure used in fabricating tortillas ( the thin, level staff of life of Mexico and other Cardinal American states ) is besides a wet milling operation that removes merely the seed vessel ( Bressani, 1972 ) . Wet milling outputs maize amylum and byproducts such as corns gluten, used as a provender ingredient.It is this level staff of life or tortilla that is speculated to hold been used in pre-historic times. This is non the tortilla that we think of today, nevertheless, the basic construct is fundamental and could hold been used even 10,000 old ages ago. George W. Beadle s research shows that the chance of corn being likewise used as what we refer to as popcorn is high. This high chance points to the usage of t eosinte, which has been argued among bookmans as an un-usable merchandise, hence non an ascendant of corn. Beadle s research has proven that even the triangular meat of teosinte could hold been heated on het sand, hot stone or fire and would hold popped.There is guess that in prehistoric clip, maize had a spiritual and ceremonial intent. It is written that in the tallness of the Incan imperium corn was used in ritual and ceremonial assemblages in the signifier of beer. ( Fernandez-Arnesto 243 ) There is nt anything to bespeak any different anyplace else that corn has turned up within the archeological record. With a better apprehension of corn and its possible maps, allow s reference where corn originated.Blake, Clark, Chisholm, and Mudar consider the passage to agribusiness in the constructive period of coastal Mesoamerica ( from about 1500 B.C. to the birth of Christ ) , specifically along the Pacific seashore of Chiapas, Mexico. These bookmans review the grounds from this coun try in footings of two viing hypotheses the agonistic banqueting theoretical account of Hayden ( 1990 ) and the interaction of workss and worlds as described by Rindos ( 1984 ) and Flannery ( 1986 ) .MacNeish s work in the Tehuacan Valley has shown that the beginnings of corn and its integrating into a arranging of unsophisticated production that included a assortment of workss began every bit early as 7000 B.C. The earliest people to utilize and cultivate these workss were non sedentary, alternatively, they were mobile foragers who integrate these domesticates into a complex seasonal form of hunting and collection ( MacNeish 1967, 1972 Flannery 1968 Flannery 1986 ) . It has been believed that from Formative times frontward that corn is typically seen as the chief basic harvest in Mesoamerican prehistoric culture. Agricultural promotion has long been thought of as the basis of early sedentary small town life and one of necessary conditions for the development of complex societ y ( MacNeish 1972 ) . Maize yields a high sum of thermal consumption which is necessary in the procedure of prolonging the degree of activity that prehistoric people in Mesoamerica needed to last.A recent re-analysis by Farnsworth et Al ( 1985 ) of archeological informations from the Tehuacan Valley, including a stable C and nitrogen analysis of the human skeletal remains, suggests that a heavy dependance on grains, including corn began every bit early as the Coxcatlan stage ( ca. 5000-3000 B.C. ) . In Oaxaca, excavated macrobotanical remains show that domesticates, including corn, beans, squash, and avocados, were in usage and consumed both before and after the visual aspect of the first sedentary small towns ( Flannery 1976, 1986 ) . Kirkby s ( 1973 ) survey of agricultural production suggests that the chief basic, corn, was cultivated and relied upon from the Early Formative Tierras Largas stage ( 1400-1150 B.C. ) onwards. She suggests, nevertheless, that corn did non make a thre shold of productiveness, until about 100B.C. when larger assortments allowed greater outputs per cultivated hectares of land. The premise is that as corn hazelnut size grew, and the works became more productive, so early villagers came progressively to trust on it as a subsistence basic. Both the Tehuacan and the Oaxaca information suggest that after agricultural merchandises, peculiarly corn, became of import in the subsistence system by the Late Archaic period, the tendency towards increasing trust on these workss continued through clip.The motion of a comparatively little sum of corn from established agro-ecology over long distances into a new environment is tantamount to an evolutionary constriction or a laminitis event ( King, 1987 Mayr, 1963 ) . Because merely a little part of the population is represented after one of these events, trying mistake will ensue in, among other things, changed cistron frequences, dislocation of co-adapted cistron composites, and sometimes increas ed linear familial variableness ( Cheverud and Routman, 1996 ) . The above mentioned on page 2 and 3 of this paper assay to explicate the procedure of genetic sciences when involved in the procedure of promotion of a works. We can mention to this as agricultural development.Farming in modern twenty-four hours seems to be, from an foreigner looking in difficult work , dirty work , and humdrum work . If with modern equipment agriculture is hard what would it hold been like in prehistoric Mesoamerica? Why farm at all? We look at runing game now in present twenty-four hours society as romantic and sportsman like. There is a challenge to the game . There is fancy equipment purchased and good maintain. Hunters tell narratives that are passed on from coevals to coevals, runing narratives in prehistoric culture had to be merely as exciting and the material of which myths were made. So, once more why farm at all? Many bookmans have argued that without agribusiness societies would n on hold existed. Merely agribusiness, with its form of population growing, urbanisation, and economic excesss has produced civilisations ( Reed, 5 ) . Therefore assisting to explicate why agribusiness led to complex societies.Changing conditions such as height, rainfall, dirt, and seasonal temperature rand and latitudinal differences in the length of twenty-four hours during turning seasons led to the eventual diffusion of maize northward into North America, nevertheless for the interest of this paper the focal point will stay on Mesoamerica. The research indicates that the grounds in the archeological record states that the coastal countries show maize before any other country. Coe and Flannery until the 1980 s were the lone two research workers to describe domesticates at Early Formative metropoliss along the Pacific Coast of either Chiapas or Guatemala. former(a) than these few incidences comparatively few sites have produced macrobotanical grounds of cultigens among their subsis tence remains.Richard Scotty MacNeish conducts what he called the great maize Hunt in 1958. MacNeish believed by tracking pre-ceramic caves in the southern flock of Mesoamerica, viz. , in the caves of Copan and the Comeagua Valley of Honduras he would hold a better opportunity of tracking the maize ( MacNeish 1962 ) . His hunt extended to Zacapa Valley of Guatemala in 1959, every bit good holding brief visits in Oaxaca and the Rio Balsas Valley of Guerrero. In 1961 MacNeish and his squad started the Tehuacan undertaking which yielded to be a great incredible success. Among many enquiry with this undertaking MacNeish and his co-workers were able to work out the job of the beginnings of maize and were able to assail the how and the why of many other domesticated workss in upland Mesoamerica. Harmonizing to MacNeish the sum of arte positions ( 50,000 lithics, more than 100,000 works remains, over 10,000 castanetss and some 250 human fecal matters ) found in the 454 sites gave the squad a clip span that approximately stretched from 20,000 to 2000 B.C. Since MacNieshs research and launchpad at that place have been over 1000 sites found and more archeological grounds to back up his original findings.In decision, the subject of corn is one that has intrigued and puzzled archeologists for many old ages. The domestication and development of corn in and of itself causes much argument. It is because of great archeologists like MacNeish and his firm wonder of the great maize Hunt as to why we have the information that we have today. The mere grounds of 454 sites going 1000 in a affair of old ages speaks for itself. The fact remains that there are 4 major independent centres of works domestication, the Near East, China, North America, and Mesoamerica. It is the purpose of this paper to hold clearly introduced even the beginner of individual s to what precisely is the definition of corn, how maize became a major basic in prehistoric people s diet, and how corn h as been detected in Mesoamerica through grounds in the archeological record.

Operation Market Garden: Battle of Arnhem

With German forces on the run following the confederate achiever at Normandy and the breakout and pursuit across France, Allied forces were staged to enter Germ both in late summer 1944. Both Field Marshal Montgomery and general Bradley clamored to be given the priority of effort. General Eisenhower chose Montgomerys Operation MARKET GARDEN as the plan for action. It called for formborne forces to open the route for a ground force to move more than sixty miles up a single road, ending up north of the Rhine River near Arnhem, Nether degrades.By accomplishing this task, the German Ruhr industrial heartland would be within lightsome grasp. But the transaction failed. The ground force did not make it to the last bridge it was six more months before Allied forces crossed the Lower Rhine River near Arnhem. Between 17 and 26 September 1944, on that point were 17,000 Allied casualties including eighty percent of the world-class Airborne Division (UK). The diachronic evidence overwhel mingly shows that the British 1st Airborne Division lost the Battle of Arnhem because of lamentable planning.This paper will prove the failure of The Battle of Arnhem was not solely the fault of MG Roy Urquhart. Although this was his head start command of such a division (being an outsider) could he have not completed his wartime mission any better despite having inexperienced leaders planning airborne operations, bad intelligence, allowing the Air Force to plan the DZs based off what was best for the air relocation plan and poor execution. This paper examines MG Urquhart, the commander of 1st Airborne Division (UK).The 1st Airborne Division (UK) was made up of threesome brigades of base (two parachute, one glider borne), supporting artillery and anti-tank batteries and substantial Royal Engineer units, as well as supporting elements such as Royal host Service army corps, Royal Army Medical Corps units and 1st Independent Polish Brigade. The task of securing the Rhine Bridgeh ead fell to the 1st Airborne Division under the command of Major General Roy Urquhart.The Division was required to secure the road, rail and pontoon bridges over the Lower Rhine at Arnhem and hold them for two to three old age until relieved by xxx Corps. Understand Despite the fact that the individual soldiers involved in Operation Market were, on the whole, well trained and disciplined, there were some limitations in the leadership that hurt the operations chances of succeeding. Major General Roy Urquhart was new to the airborne corps and Operation Market would be his first airborne operation.Montgomery and Brereton, who was the overall commander of the First Allied Airborne Army, both had little experience in airborne operations. LTG Browning, Breretons deputy, had experience in airborne operations, but it was limited to the staff level. Although the individual soldiers that would plan and carry out the Battle of Arnhem were well-trained, some of the key leaders had weaknesses that limited the ability of the operation to succeed.During the planning for Market tend, Urquhart regarded it as the job of an airborne commander to get hold of as many transport aircraft as possible without sparring a thought for the other Divisions involved, and so he made a habit of lodging frequent requests with Corps HQ. One time he asked for a get along 40 aircraft from Browning, who was doubtful that even a small number of these would materialize. Urquharts account of the operation, he was told that because of the limited number of aircraft available, he would have to go in three lifts and that his plan had to be tailored to fit three lifts.Visualize From the beginning, however, Urquhart was severely restricted in how he could prepare and deploy his troops for the upcoming battle. The U. S. IX Troop Carrier Command were limited in their availability with two more major drifts taking cast at the same time, there were skimpy carrier aircraft available to fly the entire di vision to the Netherlands in one lift. British commanders knew they were badly short of transport aircraft and the area near Arnhem was ill-suited for a landing.They heady theyll have to land in an open area eight miles (13 km) from the bridge. With more of his officers disagreeing with distance, Urquhart told his officers they will use the gliders to transport jeeps to make the travel to Arnhem. However, due to the ambush, most jeeps didnt get or was shot up and damaged beyond use. It has been opined that if he had been an experienced airborne commander, Urquhart may have been more determined to oppose the decision to land the whole Division 8 miles from the bridge, rather than drop the parachutists much closer to it.It is a point that those who knew the General would refute without difficulty. However it is true that his objection to the poor air plan could have been stronger than it was, but it must be remembered that Urquhart had to plan an entire operation in only seven days, and so when faced with headstrong opposition from fellow commanders he had little option but to accept the situation and move on. Nevertheless, these failings in the plan sealed the fate of Market Garden before it had begun.The initial airborne drops caught the Germans totally by surprise, and there was little resistance. MG Urquhart, later wrote that ever since the first landing, General Bittrich commander of the II SS Panzer Corps and his staff had expected the British second lift. He also wrote that the Germans had provided early warning measures for follow-on lifts and knew about the second lift 45 minutes before it reached the drop zone, which allowed them to divert anti-aircraft guns that were being used in the ground battle to the drop zone in order to oppose the landings.Lead One of the major problems encountered at Arnhem was the failure of the radio sets used they either did not work, or ground conditions and the existence of so many areas full of trees often made radio associate unworkable. Urquhart could visibly see that the 1st check bit Brigade and the Divisional Units were going about their business without problems, but the 1st Airlanding Brigade were out of sight on LZ-S, and so he set out in his Jeep to verify that they were alright.It was at the HQ of Brigadier Hicks that Urquhart had heard that the Reconnaissance Squadron was forced to abandon its speedy attack attempt on the Bridge afterwards running into Battalions Kraffts blocking line. The 1st Para Brigade could not be contacted by radio, and so Urquhart, maturement increasingly anxious and impatient, made the fateful and very dangerous decision to set out in his Jeep to find the commander of the 1st Para Brigade, Brigadier Lathbury and warn him that no British forces would be at the bridge when his men arrived. Lathbury was paying a call on the 3rd Battalion when Urquhart caught up with him, but a hort time later the forward elements of the Battalion encountered the German block ing line. After the skirmish had ended, Urquhart returned to his Jeep to find that it had been hit by a mortar and his signals operator had been seriously injure. Lathbury was unhappy with how his Brigade plan was progressing, while Urquhart realized that he was losing control of events and knew that he must get back to his HQ as soon as possible unfortunately the area was now decidedly unsafe for either man to leave the protection of the 3rd Battalion.BG Lathbury was wounded and had to left behind with a Dutch family to get him to the hospital. Meanwhile, Urquhart and company pressed on until they could go no further. Anton Derksen and his family offered them shelter in their attic, which Urquhart reluctantly accepted. Almost without delay after the street was filled with soldiers of the Wehrmacht and several surrounded the house in which Urquhart was hiding, and they were followed by a self-propelled gun which came to a halt directly outside, though all were blissfully unaware o f the Generals presence.All Urquhart could think about was that he had to return to HQ as soon as possible, and he was quite nimble to destroy the SP gun using the few grenades they had at their disposal and then make a dash for it. He was dissuaded from doing so by his companions because they would certainly be killed or captured within moments. Urquhart could do nothing but wait in frustration until British troops caught up with him. It wasnt until morning on Tuesday 19th that the company were able to leave the house.On Monday 25th, Urquhart was told to withdraw his men from Oosterbeek at a time of his choosing. At 8am he radioed Major-General Thomas and said Operation Berlin, the codename for the withdrawal. It was not an easy thing to do as his Division was extremely weak at this time, and if the Germans sensed that a withdraw was in progress then they would rush in to cut them off from the River bank. Urquhart assessing his division and its capabilities, he developed a plan. His plan was excellent under the circumstances.Calling LTC Charles Mackenzie, his Chief of Staff, to work out the finer details, he said You know how they did it at Gallipoli, Charles? Well, weve got to do something like that. Many years ago, Urquhart had studied the classic withdrawal from this First World War conflict. He remembered how groovy care was taken to maintain the illusion of defiance until the last moment, meanwhile the forward positions were thinned out and the force was evacuated from the beaches in good order, while the antagonist were completely oblivious to it.The Division would withdraw from top to bottom, with those in the north leaving their positions first, and so on until everyone was out. There were so many wounded by this time that it was agreed that they could not be evacuated and so would stay behind, together with all medical staff, and take over the vacated positions, meanwhile the Light Regiment and XXX Corps would continue to fire their guns until th e last moment.This way it appeared as if nothing had changed. When the senior officers assembled at Divisional HQ to hear the plan, Urquhart gave specific instructions that intelligence information of the withdrawal should not be given until it was almost time to depart, as with a days fighting to still to endure the capture and subsequent interrogation of anyone who knew would place the entire operation in jeopardy.This plan was successful in allowing 2,000 men of the 1st Airborne Division to withdrawal and join Second Army gray bank of the Neder Rijn. In conclusion, despite having inexperienced leaders planning airborne operations, bad intelligence, allowing the Air Force to plan the DZs based off what was best for the air movement plan and poor execution, MG Urquhart displayed outstanding qualities of leadership and courage.Although, the initial planning and beginning phases of this is operation was full with flaws, MG Urquharts leadership and planning after things went awry wa s without question. During the phase of the battle when 1st Parachute Brigade became separated from the rest of the Division he personally organized an operation for the relief of 1st Parachute Brigade and himself became involved in street fighting during this period.Later, when the remnants of the Division were withdrawn into a close perimeter, his defensive planning, and his determination were largely instrumental in ensuring the defense put up by the troops of his Division. During the withdrawal, his cool planning, foresight and initiative were responsible for 2,000 men of the Division rejoining their comrades of the Second Army on the grey bank of the Neder Rijn. The conduct of MG Urquhart throughout this operation was beyond praise.

Android Os

CELLPHONE OPERATING SYSTEM 2010 CP 303 Operating Systems 5/14/2010 mechanical man is a complete set of software for mobile devices. It consists of * An operating system * Middleware * Mobile applications Android was built from the ground-up to enable developers to create compelling mobile applications that carry away full advantage of all a handset has to offer. An application can call upon any of the phones core functionality such as making calls, sending textbook messages, or using the camera, allowing developers to create richer and more cohesive experiences for users. Android is built on the open Linux Kernel.Furthermore, it utilizes a custom virtual machine that was designed to optimize memory and hardware resources in a mobile environment. It is open source and can be liberally extended to incorporate new cutting mete technologies as they emerge. Android does not differentiate between the phones core applications and third-party applications. They can all be built to have equal access to a phones capabilities providing users with a broad spectrum of applications and services. With devices built on the Android Platform, users are able to fully tailor the phone to their interests.A developer can combine reading from the web with data on an individuals mobile phone, also, he/she can build an application that enables users to view the location of their friends and be alerted when they are in the vicinity giving them a panorama to connect. ANDROID FEATURES Contacts/ Accounts * Multiple accounts can be added to a device for email and affaire synchronization, including Exchange accounts. * Developers can create sync adapters that provide synchronization with additional data sources. * Quick Contact for Android provides instant access to a contacts information and communication modes.A user can tap a contact photo and select to call, SMS, or email the person. Other applications such as Email, Messaging, and Calendar can also reveal the Quick Contact wid get when you connect a contact photo or status icon. Email * Combined inbox to browse email from multiple accounts in one page. * Exchange support. Messaging * inquisition functionality for all saved SMS and MMS messages. * Auto deletes the oldest messages in a conversation when a defined limit is reached. Camera * Built-in flash support * Digital hang glide * Scene mode * White balance * Color effect * Macro focus Virtual Keyboard Refreshed UI with actionable browser URL bar enables users to in a flash tap the address bar for instant searches and navigation. * Bookmarks with web page thumbnails. * Support for double-tap zooms. * Support for HTML5 * Database API support, for client-side databases using SQL. * Application cache support, for offline applications. * Geo-location API support to provide location information about the device. ANDROID SUPPORTED DEVICES Smartphones * Acer Liquid A1 * Bluelans Communication Sciphone N19 * Bluelans Communication SciPhone N21 * Dell Mini3i * GeeksPhone One * General Mobile DSTL1 Imaginary * HKC HKC Pearl * HKC Imobile v413 HTC Desire * HTC aspiration * HTC Hero * Droid Incredible * HTC Legend * HTC Magic * HTC Tattoo * Google Nexus One * T-Mobile Pulse * Lenovo OPhone * GW620 Eve * Motorola CLIQ XT * Motorola Droid * Motorola MB300 * Motorola Devour * MOTO MT710 * MOTO XT800 * Motorola CLIQ * Sirius Sky * Qiji I6 Tablet PCs * Archos 5 profits Tablet * Camangi WebStation * Eken M001 (TP701) * Enso zenPad * Smart Devices SmartQ-V5 * Smart Devices SmartQ-V7 * Hardkernel ODROID-T E-Readers * Barnes & Noble nook * enTourage eDGe * Spring Design Alex Other * Acer Aspire One D250 REFERENCES www. developer. android. com www. android. com www. wikipedia. com

Kraft Food’s Case Study

KRAFT FOOD COMPANY Chapter I INTRODUCTION A. COMPANYS HISTORY harmonize to Frank (2010), in 1903, there was a man named James Lewis kraft who had begun quit delivery service at Chicago ara after(prenominal) he had been eased out from a lay off fel economic crisisship at Buffalo. Every morning, he will buy cheese wholesale and resold it to the local vendors in society to avoid the cheese melt or spoil. The business was succeederful and several of his brothers who are known as Charles H. , John H. , Fred Walker and nary(prenominal)man had joined the follow named J. L kraft paper & Bros. Co. in 1909 as permanent employees (MAC 2011).James L. kraft paper is a president of the company who had invented a revolutionary process in 1915. This process helps to pasteurize the cheese, thus it would not spoiled easily and can be transported long distances (NNDB 2009). Fundamentally, tally to Phillip (2010), in 1920, kraft paper purchased a Canadian cheese company and changed it to kra ft Cheese ships company in 1924. kraft paper Cheese Company had obtained a lot of sales which enable J. L kraft to expand the company into Germany, Australia and Britain. During innovation War II, kraft paper had supplied 4 million pounds of cheese to Britain.It had showed that Kraft was a main(prenominal) food supplier at that time. In 1945, the Kraft Cheese Company became Kraft Food Company (NNDB 2009). B. COMPANYS DESCRIPTION Kraft Food Companys headquarter had been located at Cheltenham, United Kingdom since Kraft has a close connection with the rest of Europe. The manufacturing site had been constituted at the Ban bury as a globose manufacturing base that will deliver a variety type of outputs worldwide in 155 countries including Malaysia, China and United fix (Kraft Food Inc. 2010). Kraft Food Company was having to a greater extent than 100,000 several(a) employees all over the world.Currently, Kraft Food Company is a second largest food and beverage company in the world after Nestle. C. TYPE OF PRODUCTS Furtherto a greater extent, according to Joel (2010), Kraft Food Company is popular with cheese and dairy, snack foods and confectionary, beverage and convenient foods. However, Kraft Food Company is basically steeringing more on cheese and dairy products such as cottage cheese and sour cream. Kraft produces a wide variety of natural cheese and the enunciatesn cheese slices. Besides that, Kraft also been known as snack food brands especially cookies and crackers.Some of popular snacks food offers by Kraft are Kraft cheese Nips, Wheat Thins crackers, Corn Nuts and Garden Harvest toasted chips (Kraft Food 2011). Instead of that, sweet and confectionary food brands produced by Kraft are Oreo cookies, Kraft Mayo with olive oil, Jet-Puffed deflowerhm throw ins and Kraft salad dressings whereas for beverage and convenient foods are Kraft Macaroni and Cheese, California Pizza Kitchen and DiGiorno frozen pizzas, Yuban Coffee and Maxwell House (Dav id 2009). Chapter II schema FORMULATION A. VISION AND MISSION STATEMENTS 1.Kraft Foods Mission program byplay Make Today Delicious In order to fulfill this mission Kraft Foods Inc. focusinges on consumers in everything that they do. The company also understands that actions speak louder than words, so at Kraft Foods, they inspire trust. act like owners. keep it simple. are open and inclusive. tell it like it is. adept from the head and the heart. discuss decide -deliver. 2. Kraft Foods Vision Statement Helping People Around the World to Eat & Live Better Their slew captures the message of who they are.Everything they do flows from their vision. They just dont happen to be a business that sells food its what theyre all about. Their vision is about make foring consumers needs and making food an easier, healthier, more memorable, and enjoyable fraction of the life. Revised Mission Statement Here at Kraft Foods we strive to produce superior products and services (2) to our clients (1) ranging from wholesalers to households. The 21st century is legitimate to bring more innovation, hot products, and new food technology (4), thus enabling us to create and deliver pause and healthier products.Kraft Foods continues to lead the food diligence as the largest food supplier in northwestward America (7) with plans to continue expansion into new and existing global markets (3). We indorse the goals of the company by applying the highest ethical conduct within our corporate philosophy in all our business transactions (6), treatment of employees (9), and social and environmental policies (8). We at Kraft Foods focus highly on our consumers lifestyles and aim to grow profitable in the worlds food market and provide a higher than expected return to shareholders (5).Our company takes presumption in making today and the future-delicious. 1. ) Customers 2. ) Products and services 3. ) Markets 4. ) engineering science 5. ) Concern for survival, growth, and profitability 6. ) Philosophy 7. ) Self-concept 8. ) Concern for public image 9. ) Concern for employees Revised Vision Statement planetary leadership in offering the best food products enabling people to eat and live better. Explanation-This revised vision statement incorporates a vision for the Kraft Foods Inc. to become a global leader among its competitors-that is to be the number one.This statement shall encourage the whole organization of the corporation to think not besides for the good but for the best. The corporation shall offer not only fiber products but the best smell products helping their global market to live better through the consumption of their products. B. EXTERNAL ASSESSMENT 1. competitory Profile matrix (CPM) Table 1. Competitive Profile intercellular substance(CPM) for Kraft Foods Inc. Critical Success Factor judge Rating Rating 1. Advertising 3 4 2 2. monetary Position 3 4 2 3. world-wide Expansion 3 4 2 4. Market deal 3 3 2 . Product Dive rsity 4 4 3 6. Consumer Demands 4 3 3 ordinary Rating 20/6= 3. 33 22/6= 3. 67 14/6= 2. 33 Note 1=major weakness, 2= minor(ip) weakness, 3=minor strength, 4=majorstrength The Competitive Profile Matrix showsthe relative strength ofKraft Foods Inc. comparedto its competitors by using the critical success factors inits intentness. By identifying its strengths, we can also identify its relative weaknesses and address them to formulate effective strategies. Kraft Foods Inc. is relatively competitive in its sedulousness, showing 3. 33 as its total score.The company has to improve on global strength, market share and attractiveness as an employer to improve on brand loyalty and customer retention. Its profit margin has a rating of 3 just like the other industry because it is considered as a minor strength for they all compulsion to focus on their brand and customer satisfaction. 2. PESTLE Analysis The PESTLE analysis contains the analysis of Political, Economic, Social, Technologica l, Legal and Environmental environments of a country with reference to aparticular object. The PESTLE analysis of Kraft Foods Inc. is as follows POLITICALThey support candidates who understand and appreciate the public policies that impact theirbusiness, brands and employees. The company has started a political action delegacy called Kraftpac or Kraft Political Action Committee which makesfunding to state political parties, committees and candidates. ECONOMIC Kraft is making good earnings from its market involvements viaits products and brands. The company is delivering high quality earnings toits shareholders despite the difficult economic environment. They are continuously investing in their brands and businesses to furtherprovide excellent product offerings to their customers.As a result of their investment strategies, the Kraft Foods is very well positioned to deliver sustainable top-tierperformance, with or without Cadbury (Kraft foods pecuniary news, 2011). In 2008, Kraft Fo ods was once again named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World indicant and the Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index in recognition of thecompanys economic, environmental and social performance. SOCIAL The company tookinitiative to improve theliving standards of more than 1 million farmers with effective partnerships with them.They increased their cocoa and coffee purchase to further benefit their partner farmers. Kraft Foods constrictd greenhouse gas emissions by 18% and water consumption by 30% since2005, as measured against total production. Furthermore, thecompany improved the nutritional profile of more than 5,500products during the last flipper days. They removed nearly 6. 5 million pounds (3million kg) of salt from products in 2010 and helped to provide more than 1 billion servings of food since 1999 in the United States alone. expert The company keeps consumer needs intheir mindsbefore designing their strategies.They adaptand anticipate their needs in order tome et them efficiently. The company has employed SAP wampum weaver technology platform to ensure effective information and business transformation strategy within all the business units (FBR, 2008). Kraft foods have established a hub and spoke model where a centrally led team focuses on the overall strategies, systems, enabling tools, networks and metrics. And, they have complemented that central team with R&D people the open innovation technical scouts? embedded in eachof Krafts business units. LEGALThe company abides by the laws, rules, and regulations of the national as well as international countries in order to sustain itsprofitability and its business trading operations. Almost all of the activities of the companys food operations outside of the United States are keep down to local and national regulations similar to those applicable to Kraft Philippinesbusinesses and, in some cases,international regulatory provisions, such as those of the European Union relating to chase aft ering, packaging, foodcontent, pricing, market and advertising and related areas.ENVIRONMENTAL Kraft Foods has set an examplein the global industry by find out a pushto reduce the impact of its operations on the environment in the U. S. andaround the world. The company releasedits CSR pass over in 2010 which stated its environmental goals agenda to reduce the effects of energy and the carbon dioxide emissions in food plants to the conservation of water and minimizing excess packaging. They are creating packaging that uses little material, weighs less and reduces impacton landfills without compromising food safety or freshness.As part of their plan toreduce our carbon footprint, Kraft foods are improving their energy efficiencies, usingless energy and finding new and cleaner sources of energy. Kraft Foods note for opportunities to reduce the use of water tominimize theimpact of water discharge and even reuse waterin slip modality that help the environment and drive family uni t money. Lastly they are not only focusing on creating less waste in the manufacturing process, they are also finding new and betterways to reuse, treat and even put waste to work. 3. Porters Five Forces AnalysisBARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS The food and beverage industry is quite high and competitive in nature. Theprices offered are usually competitive toremain in the market. THE BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS The buyers preferences changes with the passage of time and they are likely to switch to the seller who offers goodquality atless price. Wal-Mart has played amajorrole in this case. It offers less priced goods toattract the buyers attention. There is a significant opportunity for the buyers toextract industry and firm profits. THE THREAT OF THE ENTRY OF NEW COMPETITORSThere are already somany competitors present in the market that there are very less chances for the new comers to set foot in and enjoy their share in the market. The existing companies have already spentso much on their brands, quality and positioning that it will be difficult for the new comers to entice switching among consumers. RIVALRY AMONG ESTABLISHED COMPETITIONS Intense competition lies in the food and beverage industry. The main vehicle by which firms in the industry preserve market shareis through brand loyalty and diversification.In general, the products of thesefirms are highly elastic with consumers weighing the trade-off amidst price and quality between companies and products. Consumers in the industry have minimal switching costs and there is never the guarantee of brand loyalty. Therefore, the way these firms maintain market share is by providingbrand quality at an affordable price. Thus, there is some cooperation amongfirms against the erosion of market share to close label products. With all firms promoting brand quality, there are signals passed onto the consumer that brand name products are superiorto private label products in quality and elegance.There have been restruc turings and realignments at Kraft and at other companies in the industry in order to increase volume and profitability despite increasing input costs, sluggish topline growth, margin contraction, and rising pension costs. THE THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS OR SERVICES The consumers evaluate the quality of products and their prices with that of others to decide which product tobuy. The treat of substitutes is medium in this case. Theprivate label products, also referred to as? generic? products, pose a serious threat to industry andfirm profits. 4. Input Tools Table 2.External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. Key External Factors Opportunities 1. Operates in many nimble growing categories 2. Growing guide for health and wellness products 3. hangd input costs raw materials 4. changing lifestyles. 5. Increased trends of flavor enhancer for bottled water. 6. return in the market overall. 7. Cadbury acquisition provides new products. Threats 1. change magnitud e trend of dining out 2. Health concerns 3. Inflation transportation 4. bad impact of foreign currency 5. Customers switching to generic brands. 6. Intense competition from Mars Inc. Nestle SA C. INTERNAL ASSESSMENT 1. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix Table 3. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. Key Internal Threats Strengths 1. severe RD 2 Increased organic revenues 3. handiness 4. Innovative advertising methods 5. Diverse range of leading brands 6. Focus on consumers 7. tough distribution network 8. Strong brand image 9. Worlds second-largest food company 10. 25% of global revenue from emerging markets Weaknesses 1. Difficulty in launching new brands 2. Most of growth is babelike on acquisitions or expanding into new market. 3. Strong competition from Nestle, Hershey, etc. 4. Poor performance of North-American segment 2. MatchingTools a. Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats ( jampack) Matrix TheopportunitiesandthreatsthatKraftFoodsInc. possessesarenow matched against itsstrengths andweaknesses byusing the SWOT matrix in order to generate appropriate strategies. Table 4. SWOT MATRIX for Kraft Foods Inc. 1 Strengths SWOT MATRIX SWOT MATRIX 1. Strong RD 2. Increased organic revenues 3. Availability 4. Innovative advertising methods 5. Diverse range of leading brands 6.Focus on consumers 7. Strong Distribution network 8. Strong brand image 9. Worlds second largest food company 10. 25% of global revenue from emerging markets Opportunities SO Strategies 1. Operates in many debauched growing categories Focus on retailers and restaurants (O1,S1)Position itself as a healthy food producer (O4, S3, S8)Focus on ready to eat products (O4 S6)Promote ready to drink beverages (O4, S5, S8) 2. Growing demand for health and wellness products 3. Decreased input costs raw materials 4. Changing lifestyles. 5. Increased trends of flavor enhancer for bottled water. 6. Growth in the market overall. 7. Cadbury acquisitio n provides new products. Threats ST Strategies 1. Increasing trend of dining out Introduce low fat products (T3, S6)Outsource operations to cheaper logistics partners (T4, S7) 2. Health concerns 3. Inflation transportation 4. Unfavorable impact of foreign currency 5. Customers switching to generic brands. 6. Intense competition from Mars Inc. , Nestle SA SWOT MATRIX SWOT MATRIX Weaknesses 1. Difficulty in launching new brands 2. Most of growth is dependent on acquisitions or expanding into new market. 3.Strong competition from Nestle, Hershey, etc. 4. Poor performance of North-American segment Opportunities WO Strategies 1. Operates in many fast growing categories Look for divestiture in distressing performing segmentsSell packaged coffees to cafes (W4, O1) 2. Growing demand for health and wellness products 3. Decreased input costs raw materials 4. Changing lifestyles. 5. Increased trends of flavor enhancer for bottled water. 6. Growth in the market overall. 7. Cadbury acquisition provides new products. Threats WT Strategies 1. Increasing trend of dining out Launch a sub-brand (brand extension) for ealthier range of products(W3, T2)Market dependent look into closing lower quantify markets and look to switch to higher value economies 2. Health concerns 3. Inflation transportation 4. Unfavorable impact of foreign currency 5. Customers switching to generic brands. 6. Intense competition from Mars Inc. , Nestle SA IP IP c. Boston Consulting convention (BCG) Matrix plane section Revenue (millions) Percent Revneues Profit (millions) Percent Profit carnal noesis Market parting Industry Growth order (%) Company $ 42,201 100% $2,901 100% 0. 38 6. 41% In the BCG matrix, Kraft Foods Inc. ervices are presented and compared with industrys growth rate. The luck market share of Kraft Foods Inc. was computed as follows (2010 Kraft Foods net sales/ 2010 industry total net sales) X 100%= $42,201/$111,507= 38% The percentage industry growth rate was obtained from the annual increase in revenues. Table 5. Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. ( spherical Market Share) Relative market share in the industry (percentage) Relative market share in the industry (percentage) 1. 0 . 50 0. 0 2. . 50 0. 0 +20 0 20 +20 0 20 Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) Question attach I Question Marks I Stars II Stars II Dogs IV Dogs IV property Cows III Cash Cows III Kraft Foods belongs to Question Marks Group seen in quarter-circle I, it remains to be competitive enough although its market share is not that high but its growth rate in industry is high enough to cover the market. In order to be on Stars the company must postdate an intensifier strategy to strengthen the company and meet its goals in the industry. Table 6.Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. (Domestic Market Share) Relative Market Share Position in the Industry Relative Market Sh are Position in the Industry 1. 0 . 500. 0 2. 0 . 500. 0 Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) Industry Sales Growth Rate (Percentage) +20 0 -20 +20 0 -20 Question Marks I Question Marks I Stars II Stars II Dogs IV Dogs IV Cash Cows III Cash Cows III Kraft Foods belongs to Stars Group seen in Quadrant II, its market share is high and highly competitive in the industry, but because of fast growing market, Kraft is required to have a huge investments to maintain their lead.Division Revenue (millions) Percent Revneues Profit (millions) Percent Profit Relative Market Share Industry Growth Rate (%) Company $ 42,201 100% $ 2,901 100% 0. 70 6. 41% The percentage market share of Kraft Foods Inc. was computed as follows (2010 Kraft Foods net sales/ 2010 industry total net sales) X 100%= $42,201/$60,287= 70% The percentage industry growth rate was obtained from the annual increase in revenues. d. Internal-External (I/E) Matrix IFE Total weightinessed Scores IFE Total saddleed Scores Table 7. Internal-External (I/E) Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc.Strong reasonable Weak Strong Average Weak 4. 0 High 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 Medium 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 Low 1. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 4. 0 High 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 Medium 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 Low 2. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 1. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 3. 0 to 4. 0 3. 0 2. 0 to 2. 99 2. 0 1. 0 to 1. 99 1. 0 Grow and buildGrow and build I 2. 57, 3. 14 2. 57, 3. 14 II III IV Hold and Maintain Hold and Maintain V VI seven-spot VIII Harvest or Divest Harvest or Divest IX EFE Total Weighted Scores EFE Total Weighted Scores Division Revenues (millions) Percent Revenues Profit (millions) Percent Profit IFE Scores EFE Scores Company $ 42,201 100% $ 2,901 100% 2. 57 3. 14 Kraft Foods Co. is in the Grow and urinate position which means that its internal strengths are on the average and response to the outdoor(a) factors are on the above average.This means that Kraft can start in doing intensive and integrative strategies as sugge sted by the IE Matrix. e. Grand Strategy (GS) Matrix Rapid Market Growth Rapid Market Growth Table 8. GS Matrix for Kraft Foods Inc. Quadrant II Quadrant I 1. Market Development 2. Market Penetration 3. Product Development 4. Forward desegregation 5. Backward Integration 6. Horizontal Integration 7. Related Diversification Quadrant III Quadrant IV Strong Competitive Position Strong Competitive Position Weak Competitive Position Weak Competitive Position Slow Market GrowthSlow Market Growth Kraft Foods Inc. falls under Quadrant I which is characterized by rapid market growth and strong competitive position. For Kraft Foods Inc. it would be best for them to continue their concentration on their current markets and strategies that would be best to use are market penetration and market exploitation as suggested earlier in the other matrixes. If Kraft Foods is too heavily move to a single product, then related diversification may reduce the risks associated with a narrow product line. g. Functional areas of the firm MarketingKrafts management performed an international consumer be to determine if consumers were aware of the product quality and whether they were receptive to Krafts product quality. After receiving a favorable survey response, KFI decided to produce an adaptive, revitalization, and business acquisition trade campaign tailored for specific foreign markets. An organization can make a creditable business case for product adaptation when the product adjustment develops into higher revenues and profits. Krafts product brand managers developed ways and methods to revitalize existing food products to sell in foreign markets.The brand managers revisited products that were more than 35 years old and revitalized them by positioning the products as mild, hot, or spicy and microwavable. Consequently, product revitalization influenced consumer behaviors. Shortly after product revitalization, the initial response occurred when new customers became enticed by the repositioned products and younger consumers became interested in Kraft products. Finance At Kraft, cash is king When Kraft Foods needed to cut costs and free up cash, its supply chain organization rose to the challenge.Better inventory turnover played a leading role in boosting cash flow by 20 percent. If the company could make just the right amount of goods for a market and get them quickly into the hands of the consumer, it would speed up the cycle for converting products to cash. The relationship between inventory and cash flow put Krafts supply chain organization front and core in the multiyear project. Research, Development spirit When it comes to bold thinking, Research, Development Quality is the place to be exciting new tastes. Packaging that extends the shelf life of our products and is biodegradable.State-of-the-art machinery. Thats the kind of thing were aiming for. And what we come up with. Kraft Foods RD Center At Kraft Foods, we have been focusing on inventin g delicious foods and improving life quality. Thus we sincerely invite the best RD staff and establish 6 RD centers in world. All of our professional knowledge in nutrition and food safety allow us to accelerate product research and development, bringing the best technologies and products to benefit people all over the world. Kraft Foods Global RD center located in Glenview, Illinois, has established professional labs for hemical and flavor analysis. We attract excellent RD staffs and provide strong technique supports of product development for North America and other areas in global. We believe innovation is a journey. In 2010, Kraft Foods China launched a strong pipeline of innovative products including OREO meth Cream Flavor and Mini-snack biscuits. Pacific Whole Grain is the first real whole grain biscuit on the market that has enjoyed great success among Chinese consumers. Production/operation Kraft Foods Inc. is a holding company, our principal source of funds is from our sub sidiaries.Our wholly owned subsidiaries currently are not limited by long-term debt or other agreements in their ability to pay cash dividends or make other distributions with respect to their common stock. Reportable Segments We manage and report operating results through three geographic units Kraft Foods North America, Kraft Foods Europe and Kraft Foods Developing Markets. We manage the operations of Kraft Foods North America and Kraft Foods Europe by product category, and we manage the operations of Kraft Foods Developing Markets by location. Our reportable segments are U. S. Beverages, U. S. Cheese, U. S. Convenient Meals, U.S. Grocery, U. S. Snacks, Canada North America Foodservice, Kraft Foods Europe (formerly known as European Union) and Kraft Foods Developing Markets. We transitioned our European Biscuit, Chocolate, Coffee and Cheese categories to fully integrated business units, further strengthening our focus on these core categories. To ensure decisions are made faster and closer to our customers and consumers, each category is fully accountable for its financial results, including marketing, manufacturing and RD. Category leadership, base in Zurich, Switzerland, reports to the Kraft Foods Europe President.These business units now comprise the Kraft Foods Europe segment. Information Systems Innovation can only happen if weve got the infrastructure to support it. And everything we do, every minute of the day, relies on having the right technology and information immediately available. Information Systems are the key. But they do much more than just reaction helpdesk calls and fix our computers. Information Systems also invent neat solutions to our technological problems, and work out what systems and equipment we need to support our ideas. Chapter III STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION A. executive tellor DECISION RESPONSIBILITIESKey decisions at Kraft are made by the following three organizations Global Marketing and Category Development Commercial Un its Functional Areas Global Marketing and Category Development is responsible for decisions on global category strategies, new product growth platforms and marketing excellence. Commercial Units are responsible for determining the marketing and sales programs that best meet the needs of local consumers and customers, with profit and loss responsibility for the results. Functional Areas are strongly aligned and linked to the Global Marketing Category Development group and the two commercial units.The functions are centers for excellence, with responsibility for identifying and sharing best practices and using Krafts global surpass to best advantage. The leaders within these organizations all report directly to the CEO. The leaders are Global Marketing and Category Development EVP, Global Marketing Resources Initiatives EVP, Global Category Development Commercial Units President, North America Commercial President, International Commercial Functional Areas EVP, Global Corp orate Affairs EVP Chief Financial military officer EVP, Global Human Resources EVP, General Counsel Corporate Secretary EVP, Global Strategy Business Development EVP Chief Information Officer EVP, Global Technology Quality EVP, Global Supply Chai B. EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT SUCCESSION Executive development at Kraft takes place on the job. Unlike other companies where executive development takes place in an academic setting, Kraft creates management opportunities on the job for its employees. Beginning even with their earliest assignments, young managers are expected to display an ability to carry responsibility and sophisticated thinking thats usually reserved for top tier executives at other companies. As managers ascend the ranks, Kraft encourages them to develop leadership skills such as creativity, the power to persuade and influence, and the willingness to take risks. Kraft gives its young managers broad authority that helps to challenge themselves and spur their leadership skills. individually function within Kraft has an Advancement Planning Policy in place. This policy provides the guidelines for identifying replacements for executives. Generally, there are two to three potential replacements already identify for any executive in case he or she leaves the company.C. INSIDERS VIEW ON KRAFT CULTURE Insiders have commented that Kraft is very respective(a) and that they have many qualified minorities in management positions. Even though working(a) at Kraft is stressful, insiders have commented that many people enjoy working there. However, insiders have also commented that morale is low due to layoffs and the resultant heavy workloads on the remaining employees. There have also been comments made that employees from acquired companies suffer from low morale because of difficulty in adjusting to Kraft culture.Chapter IV STRATEGY EVALUATION Table 8. Balance Scorecard for Kraft Foods Inc. GOALS STRATEGIES MEASURES TIME COMPLETION Customer survey Provide quality products for all customers Product Development Developing quality products such as low fat and less cholesterol Immediately after 2013 Internal Business Process More efficient internal control Semi-centralization of the organization A main branch per areas which controls other branches 4th quarter 2007-2008 Financial perspective Attainment of 2011, 2012, and 2013 revenue target Having a large share in the global economy Using effective marketing and extensive product developmentCutting cost if possible 3rd quarter 2013 Learning and growth Increase industry awareness regarding service in other country. Development of intensive planning program for human resources Intensify marketing promotionsOffering seminars that will enhance skills in communicating and decision-making Use the partner companys expertise regarding the marketability of the countryIncrease of effectiveness and strength of skill performance 2nd -3rd quarter 2014Immediately after 20 13As an evaluation tool, the balanced scorecard shows the various selected key strategies on aspects of consumer perspective, interval business processes, financial perspective and learning growth. A set of quantitative measures has been enumerated for each strategy to enable the company to monitor progress or strategy attainment on a regular basis and review whether these need to be changed or revised SUMMARY Kraft Foods remains to be competitive enough although its global market share is not that high but its growth rate in industry is high enough to cover the market.The company must pursue an intensive strategy to strengthen the company and meet its goals in the industry. Its domestic market share is high and highly competitive in the industry, but because of fast growing market, Kraft is required to have a huge investment to maintain their lead. Kraft Foods Co. internal strengths are on the average and response to the external factors are on the above average. This means that Kr aft can proceed in doing intensive and integrative strategies as suggested by the I/E Matrix. For Kraft Foods Inc. t would be best for them to continue their concentration on their current markets and strategies that would be best to use are market penetration and market development as suggested earlier in the other matrixes. If Kraft Foods is too heavily committed to a single product, then related diversification may reduce the risks associated with a narrow product line. CONCLUSION Food industry is one of the fast growing industries ever since it started to appearin the global market. United States is the home where leading food companies areprincipallylocated.Indeedtheadvancetechnologicaladaptationinthis country led the food industry to become innovative and more eager to develop new products as time goes by. The challenge in this industry is the tough competition of the various companies belonging in the same industry. On how they could penetrate the market and what would be the ir advantage over theircompetitor. Kraft Foods is one of the companies belonging in this category. It can achieve its leadership and growth by doing intensive promotion and management of its existing clients and venturing other countries to promote business. RECOMMENDATONSRECOMMENDED REVISE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE. The organizational structure of the company is fully a centralized one. It is only constitute of the top executives of the company. We suggest the that company develop a line and staff structure wherein the middle and lower level of the organization is seen and have a direct communication in terms of decision making and finding solutions to the problems both on top to lower level management. RECOMMENDED STRATEGIES Upon the using the matrixes presented, the following are the recommended strategies that Kraft Foods Inc. should use. Market Penetration Increase advertising expenditures and specifically target the household population. Offer extensive sales promotion during peak season and creating bonus packages. Decrease the cost of the product if it would be possible so that buyers will be attracted to patronize it. Product Development Developproductscontaininglowfatandcaloriesforthosehealthconscious individuals. Developconfectionaryproductsthataresugarfreetoattractretiringindividuals. Package products that are inter-related Improve technological systems, especially theonlineshoppingcenter formothers at home.BIBLIOGRAPHY http//www. kraftfoodscompany. com/SiteCollectionDocuments/pdf/KFT_RDQ_Innovatio n_Investments_FactSheet. pdf http//www. kraftfoodscompany. com http//www. Kraft. com http//www. Krafts Cadbury Deal May Force coffee Consolidation, Moneynews. com http//www. scribd. com/doc/77538204/Kraft-Matrixes http//www. management480. wikispaces. com/file/view/Kraft. ppt http//www. mondelezinternational. com/ph/en/home/index. aspx CURRICULUM VITAE JENEVA V. VICENTE Rizal East, San Isidro, Isabela Mobile No. 09358723111 - educational BACKGROUND TERT IARYBS in Business organization major(ip) in Management account statement Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYSan Isidro National High take aim San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYSan Isidro West aboriginal School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 in the flesh(predicate) info Date of bloodline treat 9, 1993 Age19 Civil term case-by-case Gender feminine top of the inning5 Weight45 kgs. ReligionPentecostal Christian NationalityFilipino Language verbaliseTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is dependable and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Jeneva V.Vicente JOANA MARIE S. MARQUEZ Mabini,Alicia, Isabela Mobile No. 09267907457 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYAlicia National High School Paddad, Alicia, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYMabini Elementary Sch ool Mabini, Alicia, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthMarch 30, 1993 Age19 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height51 Weight48 kgs. ReligionRoman Catholic NationalityFilipinoLanguage SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is adjust and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Joana Marie S. Marquez Reila A. Abenojar Rizal East, San Isidro, Isabela Mobile No. 09358194873 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYSan Isidro National High School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2006-2007 * PRIMARYSan Isidro West Central School San Isidro, Isabela S. Y. 2002-2003 PERSONAL DATADate of BirthJuly 20, 1990 Age22 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height5 Weight40 kgs. ReligionMethodist NationalityFilipino Language SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowled ge and belief. Reila A. Abenojar Angela V. Almolanida San Fabian, Echague, Isabela Mobile No. 09068334307 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYEchague National High SchoolSan Fabian, Echague, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYBanaba Elementary School Banaba, Dapdap, Bamban, Tarlac S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthOctober 21, 1992 Age19 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height52 Weight40 kgs. ReligionRoman Catholic NationalityFilipino Language SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Angela Almolanida Joylyn M. Adop Catabban, Burgos, Isabela Mobile No. 09359504631 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business AdministrationMajor in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYCatabban Elementary School Catabban, Burgos, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthFebruary 22, 1993 Age19 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height53 Weight48 kgs. ReligionBorn Again Christian NationalityFilipino Language SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Joylyn M. Adop Gaymarie A. FelipeBagong Tanza, Aurora, Isabela Mobile No. 09359029090 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYBagong Tanza Elementary School Bagong Tanza, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthSeptember 26, 1992 Age20 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height54 Weight58 kgs. ReligionLatter-Day Saints NationalityFilipinoLanguage Spoke nTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Gaymarie A. Felipe Ryan A. Darang Silauan Sur, Echague, Isabela Mobile No. 09352083261 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYEchague National High School San Fabian, Echague, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYEchague West Central School San Fabian, Echague, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthNovember 23, 1992 Age19 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height56 Weight55 kgs. ReligionBorn Again Christian NationalityFilipino Language SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Ryan A. Darang Vic Rodriguez Catabban, Burgos, Isabela Mobile No. 09359504631 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND * TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accountin g Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYCatabban Elementary School Catabban, Burgos, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthFebruary 22, 1993 Age19 Civil StatusSingle GenderFemale Height53 Weight48 kgs. ReligionPentecostal Christian NationalityFilipino Language SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Vic Rodriguez Fernando Ramos Catabban, Burgos, Isabela Mobile No. 09359504631 - EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND TERTIARYBS in Business Administration Major in Management Accounting Isabela State University Echague San Fabian, Echague, Isabela * SECONDARYDona Aurora National High School Sta. Rita, Aurora, Isabela S. Y. 2008-2009 * PRIMARYCatabban Elementary School Catabban, Burgos, Isabela S. Y. 2004-2005 PERSONAL DATA Date of BirthFebruary 22, 1993 Age19 Civil StatusSingle GenderF emale Height53 Weight48 kgs. ReligionPentecostal Christian NationalityFilipino Language SpokenTagalog, English I hereby certify that the above information is true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief. Fernando Ramos

Product Identification

In pickings the business global recognition policies are needed due to the magnitude and complexity of promoting constitutive(a) products. overlap identification hindquarters work well for a business that wants to emphasize the quality of the product. Kathy will put on to consider a rapid marketing plan because of the freshness of her organic foods. Kathy Kudler has to decide on how to set ahead and differentiate her line of organic foods from different organic products in brazil. Kudler foods can use a slogan, the trademark, the denounce name, and trade character to identify the organic products.Kathy has already made a name for Kudler Foods in calcium by providing customers with the finest selections of the very best foods. The Kudler Fine Foods brand can continue in Brazil as long and Kudler upholds a high quality of food and services. Justification Taking a business global, requires identification polices because of the complexity of expanding opportunities for use, and f inding new niches. The demand for organic foods is still very low in Brazil (Ebrahimi, 2008). The growth expectations for the domestic market have caused the companies to diversify organic products.Kudler Fine Foods would have to search for sensible materials suppliers who have small production scale this will cause the products to become more expensive. Organic products whitethorn be more expensive the some of the similar conventional products. Besides the low demand for organic foods market in Brazil there is not much knowledge of organic foods in this country. The special(a) access to information is restricted to customers and suppliers. Kudler Fine Food will face difficulties, but overcoming the challenges Kudler Fine Foods can expect a bright future.

Operations Management and the Demise of Best Buy Essay

BEST BUYThis envision entrust discuss the inventory methods, customer service, and oerall operations of crush corrupt and how through repair operations takement the company can be operated. We willing affair grammatical cases from the text book, class intervention and group discussion. We will also consult with trade journals and internet articles.Overview lift out spoil was founded in 1996 in Richfield, Minnesota by Richard Schulze as an electronic specialty stash away. The company has gained 19% of the consumer electronics sales market. surmount subvert operates over 1150 investment companys worldwide and has several different brands and subsidiaries including Geek Squad, Magnolia audio video and surmount express. outperform bargain has generated over 40 billion dollars in revenues in North America, 3 billion in europium and 1.5 billion in China. top hat bargain for experienced great revenues when its rival Circuit city went surface of business and did very w ell up until the economic downturn of 2008 and 2009.Problems and current situationThe company continues incur to have fierce competition from Verizon, ATT, Apple Wal-Mart and most significantly Amazon. The completion for customers is only acquire fiercer with the online retailers deal Amazon continues to take to a greater extent and more market sh be away room outflank demoralize.Downfall of outperform bribeWhy is topper acquire going out of business at a meter?In one sense Best profane is its own worst enemy thither has been occur of issues with best pervert. around of the stated issues are1. Poor product acquaintance and lack of product avail opennessFor example at the beginning of the semester I wanted to sully a new laptop. I went to the Best sully closest to the school and I knew what I wanted and how some(prenominal) I was willing to chip in. I had research the Best Buy website and found itonline but did non have time or forbearance to see. So I went to th e store and they did non have the laptop I wanted. I found a similar laptop that performed just as well but its not what I wanted.2. high(prenominal) pricesBest Buy cannot compete on price any farsighteder and the customers know this full and well. For example if you found the attest technology gad keep in best buy for 100 dollars and online for 75 dollars, where would you buy all thing being equal. Of the answer is you would buy it online. Especially if its a product you are familiar with. This only makes Best Buys show rooming problem even worse.3. Poor Customer satisfactiveness pleasing a customer is a major key to make business, but best buy seems loosing this key. Some recent surveys show that Best Buy has been doing its best to leave the troops un quick. Major factors for this are the higher prices, poor customer service, and lack to inventory focus. In this era of Cut-Throat Competition, Best buy is losing its grip in the electronic market. Corporation like Amazon, eBay a re spreading its business very fast leaving no scope of mistake for its competitors. Best buy has lacks product for display in there show rooms, says my personal experience. Entering the stores and unable to spot the in vogue(p) products of high end American brands like apple, doesnt proceed anyone. Specially, when you have the access to all kind of electronic product on websites like Amazon that too with all kind of technical details.Best Buy need to develop its inventory management so as to display and deliver products to their customers on time. Focusing the blunders where company made apologies to thousands of customers for not delivering products for Christmas which were orders on thank giving, Best buys reputation is in jeopardy Another trouble which Best Buy is facing is it is unable to provide a free home delivery unlike Amazon and EBay. in any case these online websites provides facilities like picking the product from the customers show if the customer wishes to ret urn the order. This has deprived Best Buy from a extensive crowd to potential customers. There is a severe need that best buy should make some strategies to develop a system of free home delivery. One more factor which bothers most to a lay man is paying high prices.Best Buy mustiness work out some plans to compete online websites and also some emerging electronic store which set to sellproducts keeping low margin money. Serving the customer in fail way seems like a past policy of Best Buy. When a companys customer experience starts to drop, its time to sell the stock. Im afraid that may have happened at Best Buy, specially when I look at their new customer satisfaction surveys. Moments when the customer representative have no clue to the technical aspect of the product has become common. May be some training sessions for the CRs may come out fruitful. Dominant trends are consistently conspiring against their business model Best Buy must accept this fact.Out of which buying pr oducts from your ho occasion sitting on a couch, interests both customer. Moreover the innovative high graphic design and sophisticated virtual display of product is fashioning things work better for online sellers and buyers but a hard nut for companies like best buy. Best buy has been trying aggressively to flourish its market in places like UK, China and may be, this has led Best Buy to get distracted from its home ground of performance. Seems like its high time for Best buy to re-engineer its business module and work hard on customer satisfaction sector.(Sources American Customer bliss Index and Devils Advocate Group analysis) Many store focus on customer service, but Best Buy does not care. According to http//www.resellerratings.com/store/Best_Buy Best Buy one of the lowest customer rating on customer service. I myself had a bad experience when I bought a Dell laptop on Best Buy online. The laptop will crash (blue screen) when I use more than 30 minutes. First, I thought th e software I tried and true to visualise the problem, but not found anything. When it crashed too numerous times, I distinguishable to restore the Windows. It still crashed indeed I decided to exchange the laptop at Best Buy Saugus (close to my house). I met a lady there then explained the problem. After that she took my laptop to test. When she came back she refused to accept laptop return.She told me there was nothing wrong on that laptop. I told her I cannot use that laptop it crashed if I use more than 30 minutes. I had used that laptop for 5 eld and the return policy is 15 days (now change to 30 days), so I can exchange. She replied if I want to return and exchange I have to pay 15 percent restocking fees. I asked her why, she replied because I returned a good laptop. I kept explaining her rough the laptop problem, but she did not listen to me then she called another customer Next customer. I was veryangry.4. Lack of Employees Knowledge and the use of technology Best Bu y has sufficient number of employees to serve the crowd of customers. majority of the best buys employee does not have the best convincing power at graduation exercise glance. They employees do not have sufficient knowledge about the product and are not updated with the modify of technology. From my personal experience I found that some of the employees do not have sufficient knowledge about the products. I went there to buy an Apple Mac Book Pro. I had used apple products since a long time so I asked them some technical queries. And out of my 7 queries they were able to solve only 4 of my queries, and on asking about the rest they replied me that we are extremely spoiled but we do not have an answer for this.Then I went to apple store and fixed the same 7 queries on their desk and I got the solution for all my 7 queries. The department also faces problems of over stock and out of stock of tangibles. Best buy is also not updated with the technology of automatic postulation of placing orders. There are problems when the materials go out of stock and the customer is in need to that particular material only. Being a competitive world the customer wont wait for couple of days to get that material from best buy instead would go to any other store and get that material.These problems can be solved if technologies are used to a good extent. Comparing Wal-Mart and best buy Wal-Mart uses an automatic re-order technique for all its materials. For example 100 counts of chips are ordered and the details are located in their database. As the counts of the chips from their database go below 30 the system automatic places a re-order of 100 counts of chips. development this way they never face an over stock and out of stock problems. The database is up to date with the latest entries of the inventories.5. Inventory managementOn the management side of the company it has bigger problems with its inventory management as well as its compensation policy. Best buy was ver y slow to enter the online market and has not done well in making its website very good. The company inventory system should change to a more perpetual inventory similar to Wal-Mart. And it should have a compensation system based on good sales as well as good service. A better Human imagination policy based on production would better serve the company. The company mustalso find a way to capture the customer in the store and not has the customer use the store as testing center to later buy over the internet. The company has failed to make this happen better sales training as well as customer service training could offset this. to boot Best has got to rid of selling DVDs, and CDs.They are taking up way to much space in the stores and they are selling fast enough due to them being obsolete. The company has tried to change this buy opening Best Buy mobile stores in shopping malls similar to carrel phone providers. This has reduced cost associated with operating the big box store that b est buy has been cognize for. This also reduces square footage to help in making the company more profitable. If they can continue to use this placement strategy they might be able to save the company. All in all this improvements may help the company in the short term. In the long term Amazon will persevere and put Best Buy out of business.6. Online- a bad decisionNowadays, the numbers of customers shopping online sum up significantly. It is more convenience save time and money. Many retailers are focusing on Online shopping including Best Buy, Wal-Mart, Target, Sear, Home Depot, Loews, Amazon, Newegg, and so on. Many Online stores do much better than Best Buy. Best Buy Online has many weaknesses including shipping fees, price management, inventory management, and customer service. Best Buy does not care much about shipping fees. The shipping fees is too expensive if compare to other stores. For example, If I want to buy emergence lean (baby toy), it cost $10.50, plus shippin g $6.14, and plus tax $0.65. Total cost would be $10.50 + $6.14 + $0.65 = $17.29 If I buy ternary Number Hunt, Best Buy will charge the shipping fee three times ($6.14 x 3 = $18.42).The total for three Number Hunt would be $51.87. If I buy from Amazon it costs $9.99 plus $4.99 shipping. Total $9.99 + $4.99 = $14.98. If I buy three Number Hunt, Amazon will not charge shipping free because the total over $25.00. The total for three Number Hunt would be $9.99 x 3 = $29.97. This example ( $51.87 VS $29.97) show me that Best Buy online store cannot compete with big online stores like Amazon.com or Newegg.com at all. Best Buy should talk to shipping companies to get the same shipping deal like Amazon or Newegg otherwise Best Buy will become a showroom. Another problem, Best Buy Onlinehas to compete with other retail store like Wal-Mart, Target, Sear, Kmart, Home depot, Loews and so on. The small stuff like toy customers most likely would buy from Walmart.com, because the price always che aper than Best Buy and Wal-Mart charge flat rate shipping. It means whether customers buy one or five contingents they pay the shipping for the first item only.Whey Best Buy charge every single item? Best Buy has price match policy to compete with other stores, but the policy does not work on Best Buy Online. Best Buy has small AT&T in side and an Apple retail store. If customers want to buy I-phone 5 in store, Best Buy will sell to contract customers only. On other hand, customer can buy an I-Phone 5 without contract on Best Buy Online. It costs $699.00 ($50 more expensive that Apple Store). Why Best Buy sell $50 more expensive than Apple store? On customer point of view, it does not make any scene to buy an I-Phone 5 without contract form Best Buy Online at all. That problem make customers decide to shop at Apple directly rather than via Best Buy Apple store. Best Buy Online does not have a good inventory management to manage the inventory. Many customers could not receive what t hey order, because Best Buy Online does not have in their warehouse to ship. present a quote from resellerratings.com awful.Service was bad, rude, and nasty. Didnt have the product I wanted and told me they did. I had to wait 2 weeks to get it. I called and they said, there was nothing they could do. The entire district was out. That is awful inventory management to let 15 stores go out of a product. Will not be shopping here again Sometimes there are plenty order items in the local Best Buy Store, but Best Buy local stores could not ship the item that was order on Best Buy Online. It is not a good business practices. Best Buy should allow local store to ship the item if Best Buy Online warehouse run out of stock to keep the customers happy and get the item that they ordered. Another alternative solution, Best Buy could adopt just on time inventory management to manage the inventory.If Best Buy wants to survive and be a best place to buy electronic product online, they should imple ment the shipping fees, price management, inventory management, and customer service. Best Buy Online has lost many customers. If the customers keep leaving Best Buy Online like that Best Buy Online would be out of business like Circuit City. It is not too late, but the implementation should take an action soon.ConclusionIn conclusion we incur that Best Buy would have to make a huge investment in operations management, training, inventory management and customer service to turn around the company. We obtain collectively the end of Best buy is coming soon due to the above factors and more importantly the online retailers. Because of the deficiencies in Best Buy the company will not be able to recover from its flaws. We feel that the consumer will continue to use the Best Buy for showroom purposes and then buy online. The investment in time and dollars needed to change the company will not be worth it in the long runReferenceswww.amazon.comwww.newegg.comwww.walmart.comhttp//www.rese llerratings.com/store/Best_Buywww.bestbuy.comwww.seekingalpha.comhttp//www.customerthink.comhttp//minnesota.cbslocal.com/2012/01/18/best-buyhttp//www.heartofthecustomer.comhttp//storefrontbacktalk.com/e-commerce